1.1 Multiple Myeloma

THALOMID in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

1.2 Erythema Nodosum Leprosum

THALOMID is indicated for the acute treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL).

THALOMID is not indicated as monotherapy for such ENL treatment in the presence of moderate to severe neuritis.

THALOMID is also indicated as maintenance therapy for prevention and suppression of the cutaneous manifestations of ENL recurrence [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

2.1 Required Baseline Testing

Drug prescribing to females of reproductive potential is contingent upon initial and continued negative results of pregnancy testing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 and 5.2)].

THALOMID must only be administered in compliance with all of the terms outlined in the THALOMID REMS program. THALOMID may only be prescribed by prescribers certified with the THALOMID REMS program and may only be dispensed by pharmacists certified with the THALOMID REMS program.

2.2 Recommended Dosage for Multiple Myeloma

The recommended dose of THALOMID in combination with dexamethasone is 200 mg once daily (in 28-day treatment cycles) orally with water, preferably at bedtime and at least 1 hour after the evening meal. The dose of dexamethasone is 40 mg daily administered orally on days 1-4, 9-12, and 17-20 every 28 days.

2.3 Recommended Dosage for Erythema Nodosum Leprosum

The recommended dose of THALOMID for an episode of cutaneous ENL is 100 to 300 mg/day once daily orally with water, preferably at bedtime and at least 1 hour after the evening meal. Initiate dosing for patients weighing less than 50 kilograms at the low end of the dose range.

Consider dosing in the higher dosage range for patients with a severe cutaneous ENL reaction, or in those who have previously required higher doses to control the reaction (possibly up to 400 mg/day) once daily at bedtime or in divided doses with water, at least 1 hour after meals.

Consider concomitant use of corticosteroids in patients with moderate to severe neuritis associated with a severe ENL reaction. Steroid usage can be tapered and discontinued when the neuritis has ameliorated.

Continue dosing with THALOMID until signs and symptoms of active reaction have subsided, usually a period of at least 2 weeks. Patients may then be tapered off medication in 50 mg decrements every 2 to 4 weeks.

Patients who have a documented history of requiring prolonged maintenance treatment to prevent the recurrence of cutaneous ENL or who flare during tapering should be maintained on the minimum dose necessary to control the reaction. Tapering off medication should be attempted every 3 to 6 months, in decrements of 50 mg every 2 to 4 weeks.

2.4 Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions

Interrupt THALOMID for constipation, somnolence, or peripheral neuropathy. Consider a reduced dose upon resumption of treatment.

Consider dose reduction, delay, or discontinuation in patients who develop National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC) Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions and/or based on clinical judgment.

Permanently discontinue THALOMID for angioedema, anaphylaxis, Grade 4 rash, skin exfoliation, bullae, or any other severe dermatologic reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12 and 5.16)].

4.1 Pregnancy

THALOMID is contraindicated in females who are pregnant. THALOMID can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. THALOMID is a powerful human teratogen, inducing a high frequency of severe and life-threatening birth defects, even after a single dose [see Boxed Warning]. Mortality at or shortly after birth has been reported in about 40% of infants. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential risk to a fetus. If pregnancy occurs during THALOMID treatment, the drug should be discontinued immediately.

4.2 Hypersensitivity

THALOMID is contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated hypersensitivity to the drug or its components [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16)].

5.1 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

THALOMID is a powerful human teratogen that induces a high frequency of severe and life-threatening birth defects, even after a single dose. Mortality at or shortly after birth has been reported in about 40% of infants. When there is no satisfactory alternative treatment, females of reproductive potential may be treated with THALOMID provided adequate precautions are taken to avoid pregnancy. THALOMID is only available through the THALOMID REMS program [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Oral ingestion is the only type of maternal THALOMID exposure known to result in drug-associated birth defects. There are no specific data available regarding the reproductive risks of cutaneous absorption or inhalation of THALOMID; however, females of reproductive potential should avoid contact with THALOMID Capsules. THALOMID Capsules should be stored in blister packs until ingestion. If there is contact with non-intact THALOMID capsules or the powder contents, the exposed area should be washed with soap and water.

If healthcare providers or other care givers are exposed to body fluids from patients receiving THALOMID, the exposed area should be washed with soap and water. Appropriate precautions should be utilized, such as wearing gloves to prevent the potential cutaneous exposure to THALOMID.

5.2 THALOMID REMS Program

Because of the embryo-fetal risk [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], THALOMID is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS), the THALOMID REMS program.

Required components of the THALOMID REMS program include the following:

•

Prescribers must be certified with the THALOMID REMS program by enrolling and complying with the REMS requirements.

•

Patients must sign a Patient-Physician Agreement Form and comply with the REMS requirements. In particular, female patients of reproductive potential who are not pregnant must comply with the pregnancy testing and contraception requirements [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)] and males must comply with contraception requirements [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].

•

Pharmacies must be certified with the THALOMID REMS program, must only dispense to patients who are authorized to receive THALOMID and comply with REMS requirements.

Further information about the THALOMID REMS program is available at www.thalomidrems.com or by telephone at 1-888-423-5436.

5.3 Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism

The use of THALOMID in patients with MM results in an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This risk increases significantly when THALOMID is used in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents including dexamethasone. In one controlled trial, the rate of venous thromboembolism was 22.5% in patients receiving THALOMID in combination with dexamethasone compared to 4.9% in patients receiving dexamethasone alone (p = 0.002).

Ischemic heart disease (11.1%), including myocardial infarction (1.3%), and stroke (cerebrovascular accident, 2.6%) have also occurred in patients with previously untreated MM treated with THALOMID and dexamethasone compared to placebo and dexamethasone (4.7%, 1.7%, and 0.9%, respectively) in one clinical trial [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Consider thromboprophylaxis based on an assessment of individual patients' underlying risk factors. Patients and physicians should be observant for the signs and symptoms of thromboembolism. Advise patients to seek immediate medical care if they develop symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, or arm or leg swelling [see Boxed Warning]. Agents that also may increase the risk of thromboembolism should be used with caution in patients receiving THALOMID [see Drug Interactions (7.7)].

5.4 Increased Mortality in Patients with MM When Pembrolizumab Is Added to a Thalidomide Analogue and Dexamethasone

In two randomized clinical trials in patients with MM, the addition of pembrolizumab to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone, a use for which no PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody is indicated, resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of patients with MM with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in combination with a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone is not recommended outside of controlled clinical trials.

5.5 Drowsiness and Somnolence

THALOMID frequently causes drowsiness and somnolence. Patients should be instructed to avoid situations where drowsiness may be a problem and not to take other medications that may cause drowsiness without adequate medical advice [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Advise patients as to the possible impairment of mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of hazardous tasks, such as driving a car or operating other complex or dangerous machinery. Dose reductions may be required.

5.6 Peripheral Neuropathy

THALOMID is known to cause nerve damage that may be permanent. Peripheral neuropathy is a common (≥10%) and potentially severe adverse reaction of treatment with THALOMID that may be irreversible. Peripheral neuropathy generally occurs following chronic use over a period of months; however, peripheral neuropathy following relatively short-term use has been reported. The correlation with cumulative dose is unclear. Symptoms may occur some time after THALOMID treatment has been stopped and may resolve slowly or not at all.

Few reports of neuropathy have arisen in the treatment of ENL despite long-term THALOMID treatment. However, the inability clinically to differentiate THALOMID neuropathy from the neuropathy often seen in ENL makes it difficult to determine accurately the incidence of THALOMID-related neuropathy in patients with ENL treated with THALOMID.

Patients should be examined at monthly intervals for the first 3 months of THALOMID therapy to enable the clinician to detect early signs of neuropathy, which include numbness, tingling or pain in the hands and feet. Patients should be evaluated periodically thereafter during treatment. Patients should be regularly counseled, questioned, and evaluated for signs or symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Consideration should be given to electrophysiological testing, consisting of measurement of sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes at baseline and thereafter every 6 months in an effort to detect asymptomatic neuropathy. If symptoms of drug-induced neuropathy develop, THALOMID should be discontinued immediately to limit further damage, if clinically appropriate. Usually, treatment with THALOMID should only be reinitiated if the neuropathy returns to baseline status.

Medications known to be associated with neuropathy should be used with caution in patients receiving THALOMID [see Drug Interactions (7.3)].

5.7 Dizziness and Orthostatic Hypotension

Patients should also be advised that THALOMID may cause dizziness and orthostatic hypotension and that, therefore, they should sit upright for a few minutes prior to standing up from a recumbent position.

5.8 Neutropenia

Decreased white blood cell counts, including neutropenia, have been reported in association with the clinical use of THALOMID. Treatment should not be initiated with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of <750/mm3. White blood cell count and differential should be monitored on an ongoing basis, especially in patients who may be more prone to neutropenia, such as patients who are HIV-seropositive. If ANC decreases to below 750/mm3 while on treatment, the patient's medication regimen should be re-evaluated and, if the neutropenia persists, consideration should be given to withholding THALOMID if clinically appropriate.

5.9 Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia, including Grade 3 or 4 occurrences, has been reported in association with the clinical use of THALOMID. Monitor blood counts, including platelet counts. Dose reduction, delay, or discontinuation may be required. Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding including petechiae, epistaxis, and gastrointestinal bleeding, especially if concomitant medication may increase the risk of bleeding.

5.10 Increased HIV Viral Load

In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of thalidomide in an HIV-seropositive patient population, plasma HIV RNA levels were found to increase (median change = 0.42 log10 copies HIV RNA/mL, p = 0.04 compared to placebo). A similar trend was observed in a second, unpublished study conducted in patients who were HIV-seropositive. The clinical significance of this increase is unknown. Both studies were conducted prior to availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Until the clinical significance of this finding is further understood, in HIV-seropositive patients, viral load should be measured after the first and third months of treatment and every 3 months thereafter.

5.11 Bradycardia

Bradycardia in association with THALOMID use has been reported. Cases of bradycardia have been reported, some required medical interventions. The clinical significance and underlying etiology of the bradycardia noted in some THALOMID-treated patients are presently unknown. Monitor patients for bradycardia and syncope. Dose reduction or discontinuation may be required.

Medications known to decrease heart rate should be used with caution in patients receiving THALOMID [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].

5.12 Severe Cutaneous Reactions

Severe cutaneous reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) have been reported with THALOMID use. DRESS may present with a cutaneous reaction (such as rash or exfoliative dermatitis), eosinophilia, fever, and/or lymphadenopathy with systemic complications such as hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and/or pericarditis. These events can be fatal. THALOMID interruption or discontinuation should be considered for Grade 2-3 skin rash. Discontinue THALOMID for Grade 4 rash, exfoliative or bullous rash, or for other severe cutaneous reactions such as SJS, TEN, or DRESS, and do not resume therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].

5.13 Seizures

Although not reported from pre-marketing controlled clinical trials, seizures, including grand mal convulsions, have been reported during post-approval use of THALOMID in clinical practice. Because these events are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be made. Most patients had disorders that may have predisposed them to seizure activity, and it is not currently known whether THALOMID has any epileptogenic influence. During therapy with THALOMID, patients with a history of seizures or with other risk factors for the development of seizures should be monitored closely for clinical changes that could precipitate acute seizure activity.

5.14 Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Monitor patients at risk of tumor lysis syndrome (e.g., patients with high tumor burden prior to treatment) and take appropriate precautions.

5.15 Contraceptive Risks

Some contraceptive methods may pose a higher risk of adverse effects or may be medically contraindicated in some patients treated with THALOMID. Because some patients may develop sudden, severe neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia, use of an intrauterine device (IUD) or implantable contraception in these patients may carry an increased risk for infection or bleeding either at insertion, removal or during use. Treatment with THALOMID, the presence of an underlying malignancy, and/or use of an estrogen-containing contraceptive can each increase the risk of thromboembolism. It is not known if these risks of thromboembolism are additive. However, they should be taken into consideration when choosing contraceptive methods.

5.16 Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity, including angioedema and anaphylactic reactions to THALOMID has been reported. Signs and symptoms have included the occurrence of erythematous macular rash, possibly associated with fever, tachycardia, and hypotension, and if severe, may necessitate interruption of therapy. If the reaction recurs when dosing is resumed, THALOMID should be discontinued. Do not resume THALOMID treatment after angioedema and anaphylaxis [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Most patients taking THALOMID can be expected to experience adverse reactions.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of THALOMID and are not already included in Clinical Trials Experience [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Blood and Lymphatic: Decreased white blood cell counts including febrile neutropenia, changes in prothrombin time, pancytopenia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, erythroleukemia, lymphedema, lymphopenia.

Body as a Whole: Hangover effect

Cardiovascular System: Sick sinus syndrome, EKG abnormalities, pulmonary hypertension.

Digestive System: Intestinal perforation, gastrointestinal perforations, bile duct obstruction, stomach ulcer, aphthous, stomatitis.

Ear and Labyrinthine Disorders: Hearing impairment.

Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity including anaphylaxis, solid organ transplant rejection.

Infections and infestations: Severe infections (e.g., fatal sepsis including septic shock), viral infections (including varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B virus reactivation) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

Metabolic and Endocrine: Electrolyte imbalance including hypercalcemia, hyponatremia and hypomagnesemia, hypothyroidism, increased alkaline phosphatase, tumor lysis syndrome, myxedema.

Nervous System: Changes in mental status or mood including suicide attempts, disturbances in consciousness including lethargy, loss of consciousness or stupor, seizures including grand mal convulsions and status epilepticus, Parkinson's disease, stroke, carpal tunnel, Raynaud's syndrome, migraine, foot drop.

Renal and Urinary Disorders: Renal failure, acute renal failure, oliguria, enuresis.

Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, metrorrhagia.

Respiratory System: Pleural effusion, interstitial lung disease.

Skin and Appendages: Erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), purpura, petechiae.

Special Senses: Diplopia, nystagmus

7.1 Opioids, Antihistamines, Antipsychotics, Anti-anxiety Agents, or Other CNS Depressants (Including Alcohol)

The use of opioids, antihistamines, antipsychotics, anti-anxiety agents, or other CNS depressants concomitantly with THALOMID may cause an additive sedative effect and should be avoided.

7.2 Drugs which Cause Bradycardia

The use of drugs which slow cardiac conduction concomitantly with THALOMID may cause an additive bradycardic effect and should be used with caution. Cardiovascular medications which may cause bradycardia include calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, alpha/beta-adrenergic blockers, and digoxin. Non-cardiac drugs that may cause bradycardia include H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine, cimetidine), lithium, tricyclic antidepressants and neuromuscular blockers (succinylcholine).

In 16 healthy men, the pharmacokinetic profile of a single 0.5 mg digoxin dose was similar with and without the coadministration of THALOMID 200 mg/day at steady state levels. The single dose of digoxin had no effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of THALOMID. The safety of long-term concomitant use of THALOMID and digoxin has not been evaluated.

7.3 Drugs which Cause Peripheral Neuropathy

The use of drugs which cause peripheral neuropathy (e.g., bortezomib, amiodarone, cisplatin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, vincristine, disulfiram, phenytoin, metronidazole, alcohol) can cause an additive effect and should be used with caution.

7.4 Hormonal Contraceptives

Hormonal contraceptives increase the risk of thromboembolism. It is not known whether concomitant use of hormonal contraceptives further increases the risk of thromboembolism with THALOMID.

In 10 healthy women, the pharmacokinetic profiles of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol following administration of a single dose containing 1.0 mg of norethindrone acetate and 75 mcg of ethinyl estradiol were studied. The results were similar with and without coadministration of THALOMID 200 mg/day to steady-state levels.

7.5 Warfarin

In 13 healthy men, the pharmacokinetic profile and international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time for warfarin, following a single oral dose of 25 mg, were similar with and without the coadministration of THALOMID 200 mg/day at steady-state levels. The single dose of warfarin had no effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of thalidomide.

7.6 Drugs that Interfere with Hormonal Contraceptives

Concomitant use of HIV-protease inhibitors, griseofulvin, modafinil, penicillins, rifampin, rifabutin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or certain herbal supplements such as St. John's Wort with hormonal contraceptive agents may reduce the effectiveness of the contraception up to one month after discontinuation of these concomitant therapies. Therefore, females requiring treatment with one or more of these drugs must use two OTHER effective or highly effective methods of contraception while taking THALOMID.

7.7 Concomitant Therapies that may Increase the Risk of Thromboembolism

Erythropoietic agents, or other agents that may increase the risk of thromboembolism, such as estrogen containing therapies, should be used with caution in multiple myeloma patients receiving THALOMID with dexamethasone [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

8.1 Pregnancy

8.2 Lactation

8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 12 years have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

One hundred and seventy-six (52%) of 336 patients treated with THALOMID in combination with dexamethasone were ≥65 of age while 50 (15%) were ≥75. Patients ≥65 years of age on Study 2 had higher incidences of atrial fibrillation, constipation, fatigue, nausea, hypokalemia, deep venous thrombosis, hyperglycemia, pulmonary embolism, and asthenia compared to patients <65.

12.1 Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of THALOMID is not fully understood. Cellular activities of thalidomide are mediated through its target cereblon, a component of a cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme complex. THALOMID possesses immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. Available data from in vitro studies and clinical trials suggest that the immunologic effects of this compound can vary substantially under different conditions, but may be related to suppression of excessive tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production and down-modulation of selected cell surface adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte migration. For example, administration of thalidomide has been reported to decrease circulating levels of TNF-α in patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL); however, it has also been shown to increase plasma TNF-α levels in HIV-seropositive patients. Other anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of thalidomide may include suppression of macrophage involvement in prostaglandin synthesis, and modulation of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thalidomide treatment of multiple myeloma patients is accompanied by an increase in the number of circulating natural killer cells, and an increase in plasma levels of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma (T cell-derived cytokines associated with cytotoxic activity). Thalidomide was found to inhibit angiogenesis in a human umbilical artery explant model in vitro. The cellular processes of angiogenesis inhibited by thalidomide may include the proliferation of endothelial cells.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Two-year carcinogenicity studies were conducted in male and female rats and mice. No compound-related tumorigenic effects were observed at the highest dose levels of 3,000 mg/kg/day to male and female mice (38-fold greater than the highest recommended daily human dose of 400 mg based upon body surface area [BSA]), 3,000 mg/kg/day to female rats (75-fold the maximum human dose based upon BSA), and 300 mg/kg/day to male rats (7.5-fold the maximum human dose based upon BSA).

Thalidomide was neither mutagenic nor genotoxic in the following assays: the Ames bacterial (S. typhimurium and E. coli) reverse mutation assay, a Chinese hamster ovary cell (AS52/XPRT) forward mutation assay, and an in vivo mouse micronucleus test.

Fertility studies were conducted in male and female rabbits; no compound-related effects in mating and fertility indices were observed at any oral thalidomide dose level including the highest of 100 mg/kg/day to female rabbits and 500 mg/kg/day to male rabbits (approximately 5- and 25- fold the maximum human dose, respectively, based upon BSA). Testicular pathological and histopathological effects (classified as slight) were seen in male rabbits at dose levels ≥30 mg/kg/day (approximately 1.5-fold the maximum human dose based upon BSA).

14.1 Multiple Myeloma (MM)

The efficacy and safety of THALOMID in patients with multiple myeloma were evaluated in two randomized, multi-center studies (Study 1 and Study 2). Study 1 was an open-label study which randomized 207 symptomatic patients with newly diagnosed MM to THALOMID plus dexamethasone (N = 103) versus dexamethasone alone (N=104). The THALOMID dose was 200 mg daily and the dexamethasone dose was 40 mg orally once daily on days 1-4, 9-12, and 17-20 every 28-days. Each group was treated for four 28-day cycles.

Study 2 randomized 470 newly diagnosed patients with MM to THALOMID plus dexamethasone (N=235) versus placebo plus dexamethasone (N=235). In the THALOMID/dexamethasone arm, a starting dose of thalidomide 50 mg was escalated to 200 mg/day (cycle 2) once daily for 28 days. Patients in both treatment groups took 40 mg of dexamethasone once daily given on days 1-4, 9-12, and 17-20 (every 28 days). Beginning with Cycle 5, the dose of dexamethasone was reduced to 40 mg once daily on Days 1 to 4 of each cycle. Treatment continued as tolerated until disease progression.

Baseline demographics for both studies are presented in Table 6 and disease characteristics for the study population are summarized in Tables 7 (Study 1) and 8 (Study 2).

In Study 1, response rate was the primary endpoint. Response rates based on serum or urine paraprotein measurements were significantly higher in the combination arm (52% vs. 36%). The primary efficacy endpoint in Study 2 was time to progression (TTP), defined as the time from randomization to the first documentation of disease progression, based on the myeloma response criteria. A preplanned interim analysis for Study 2 demonstrated that the combination of THALOMID plus dexamethasone was superior to placebo plus dexamethasone with respect to TTP (Table 9).

The Kaplan-Meier plot of the time to progression by treatment group is presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Time to Disease Progression

KEY: Placebo/Dex=placebo/dexamethasone; Thal/Dex=THALOMID/dexamethasone

14.2 Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL)

The primary data demonstrating the efficacy of thalidomide in the treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe ENL are derived from the published medical literature and from a retrospective study of 102 patients treated by the U.S. Public Health Service.

Two double-blind, randomized, controlled trials reported the dermatologic response to a 7-day course of 100 mg thalidomide (four times daily) or control. Dosage was lower for patients under 50 kg in weight.

Waters reported the results of two studies, both double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trials in a total of 10 hospitalized, steroid-dependent patients with chronic ENL treated with 100 mg thalidomide or placebo (three times daily). All patients also received dapsone. The primary endpoint was reduction in weekly steroid dosage.

Data on the efficacy of thalidomide in prevention of ENL relapse were derived from a retrospective evaluation of 102 patients treated under the auspices of the U.S. Public Health Service. A subset of patients with ENL controlled on thalidomide demonstrated repeated relapse upon drug withdrawal and remission with reinstitution of therapy.

Twenty U.S. patients between the ages of 11 and 17 years were treated with thalidomide, generally at 100 mg daily. Response rates and safety profiles were similar to that observed in the adult population.

Thirty-two other published studies containing over 1600 patients consistently report generally successful treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe ENL with thalidomide.

16.1 How Supplied

50 mg capsules [white opaque], imprinted "BMS/50 mg" with a "Do Not Get Pregnant" logo.
Individual blister packs of 1 capsule (NDC 59572-205-17).
Individual blister packs of 28 capsules (NDC 59572-205-14).

100 mg capsules [tan], imprinted "BMS/100 mg" with a "Do Not Get Pregnant" logo.
Individual blister packs of 28 capsules (NDC 59572-210-15).

150 mg capsules [tan and blue], imprinted "BMS/150 mg" with a "Do Not Get Pregnant" logo.
Individual blister packs of 28 capsules (NDC 59572-215-13).

200 mg capsules [blue], imprinted "BMS/200 mg" with a "Do Not Get Pregnant" logo.
Individual blister packs of 28 capsules (NDC 59572-220-16).

16.2 Storage

This drug must not be repackaged.

Store at 20°C- 25°C (68°F -77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30º C (59-86º F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light.

16.3 Handling and Disposal

Care should be exercised in handling of THALOMID. THALOMID capsules should not be opened or crushed. If powder from THALOMID contacts the skin, wash the skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If THALOMID contacts the mucous membranes, flush thoroughly with water.

Procedures for proper handling and disposal of anticancer drugs should be considered. Several guidelines on the subject have been published1.

Rx only and only able to be prescribed and dispensed under the terms of the THALOMID REMS Restricted Distribution Program.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Advise patients that THALOMID is contraindicated in pregnancy and can cause serious birth defects or death to a developing baby [see Boxed Warning, Contraindications (4.1), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

•

Advise females of reproductive potential that they must avoid pregnancy while taking THALOMID and for at least 4 weeks after completing therapy.

•

Initiate THALOMID treatment in females of reproductive potential only following a negative pregnancy test.

•

Advise females of reproductive potential of the importance of monthly pregnancy tests and the need to use 2 different forms of contraception, including at least 1 highly effective form, simultaneously during THALOMID therapy, during therapy interruption and for 4 weeks after she has completely finished taking THALOMID. Highly effective forms of contraception other than tubal ligation include IUD and hormonal (birth control pills, injections, patch or implants) and a partner's vasectomy. Additional effective contraceptive methods include latex or synthetic condom, diaphragm and cervical cap.

•

Instruct patient to immediately stop taking THALOMID and contact her healthcare provider if she becomes pregnant while taking this drug, if she misses her menstrual period, or experiences unusual menstrual bleeding, if she stops taking birth control, or if she thinks FOR ANY REASON that she may be pregnant.

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Advise patient that if her healthcare provider is not available, she should call the REMS Call Center at 1-888-423-5436 [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

•

Advise males to always use a latex or synthetic condom during any sexual contact with females of reproductive potential while taking THALOMID and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing THALOMID, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy.

•

Advise male patients taking THALOMID that they must not donate sperm [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].

•

All patients must be instructed to not donate blood while taking THALOMID and for 4 weeks following discontinuation of THALOMID [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

THALOMID REMS Program

Because of the risk of embryo-fetal toxicity, THALOMID is only available through a restricted program called the THALOMID REMS program [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

•

Patients must sign a Patient-Physician Agreement Form and comply with the requirements to receive THALOMID. In particular, females of reproductive potential must comply with the pregnancy testing, contraception requirements and participate in monthly telephone surveys. Males must comply with the contraception requirements [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].

•

THALOMID is available only from pharmacies that are certified in THALOMID REMS program. Provide patients with the telephone number and website for information on how to obtain the product.

Pregnancy Exposure Registry

Inform females there is a Pregnancy Exposure Registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in females exposed to THALOMID during pregnancy and that they can contact the Pregnancy Exposure Registry by calling 1-888-423-5436 [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism

Inform patients of the potential risk of developing venous thromboembolism (such as DVT and PE), ischemic heart disease (including myocardial infarction), and stroke, and discuss the need for appropriate prophylactic treatment [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Drowsiness and Somnolence

Inform patients of the risk of drowsiness and somnolence with the drug and to avoid situations where drowsiness or somnolence may be a problem and not to take other medications that may cause drowsiness or somnolence without adequate medical advice [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

Peripheral Neuropathy

Inform patients of the risk of peripheral neuropathy and report the signs and symptoms associated with this event to their health care provider for further evaluation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].

Dizziness and Orthostatic Hypotension

Inform patients of the risk of dizziness and orthostatic hypotension with the drug. Inform patients to sit upright for a few minutes prior to standing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].

Neutropenia

Inform patients on the risk of developing neutropenia and the need to monitor their white blood cell count [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].

Thrombocytopenia

Inform patients of the risk of developing thrombocytopenia and the need to monitor their platelet count [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].

Increased HIV Viral Load

Inform HIV seropositive patients of the risk of increased viral load and the need to monitor viral load [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)].

Bradycardia

Inform patients of the risk of bradycardia and report signs and symptoms associated with this event to their healthcare provider for evaluation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)].

Severe Cutaneous Reactions

Inform patients of the potential risk for severe skin reactions such as SJS, TEN and DRESS and report any signs and symptoms associated with these events to their healthcare provider for evaluation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)].

Seizures

Inform patients of the risk of seizures and report any seizure while taking THALOMID [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)].

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Inform patients of the potential risk of tumor lysis syndrome and report any signs and symptoms associated with this event to their healthcare provider for evaluation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)].

Contraceptive Risks

Inform patients that some contraceptive methods may pose a higher risk of adverse effects or may be medically contraindicated in some patients treated with THALOMID [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15), Drug Interactions (7.4, 7.7)].

Hypersensitivity

Inform patients of the potential for severe hypersensitivity reactions such as angioedema and anaphylaxis to THALOMID. Instruct patients to contact their healthcare provider right away for signs of a skin reaction. Advise patients to seek emergency medical attention for signs or symptoms of severe hypersensitivity reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16)].